Qin Opera
Qinqiang opera is the typical opera of Shaanxi province. It is the oldest of all the Chinese operas that are still in existence today. During its long history, more than 4000 traditional programs have been accumulated, which outnumbers those of any other local opera.
It is said that the opera was called "the Emperor Qin Shihuang's Opera" during the Tang period and was later renamed Qinqiang Opera, which boasts the most ancient, affluent, and largest musical system of all Chinese operas.
According to historical records, the opera "first appeared in the Qin Dynasty (221-206BC), experienced great refinement in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang, was integrated as an opera form in the Yuan Dynasty, matured in the Ming Dynasty and became widespread in the Qing Dynasty ". Its time-honored history has endowed Qinqiang opera with a reputation as "the forefather of Chinese operas".
There are generally two kinds of arias in Qinqiang Opera: huan yin (joyous tune) and ku yin (sad tune). Each type is used in accordance with the plots and figures. The major accompanying instrument used is the ban hu (a stringed instrument), featuring a clear and melodious sound. Qinqiang Opera songs are sonorous, bold, and touching; its music is colorful and elegant; and its performances on the whole are plain, exquisite, and lively. Furthermore, it boasts such unique performing skills as spitting fire and hat dances by the performers.
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